题文
The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlanta, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town shut up the shop in honor of him. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Pemberton was a chemist, sometimes known as Doctor, who, during the Civil War, became an officer and led a cavalry troop. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began making such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup.In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant. A few months later, he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and hired an accountant named Frank M. Robinson, who had not only a good head for figures, but, attached to it, so unique a nose that he could judge the ingredients of a batch of syrup merely by sniffing it.
In 1886 --- a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, the English writer Conan Doyle made Sherlock Holmes known publicly and France found the truth about the Statue of Liberty --- Pemberton invented a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was a change of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a bit of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some cola nut oil and a few other oils, mixing the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar.
He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his elegant account’s script, instantly designed a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was written in the style which is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a drink than as a headache cure.
One morning in 1886, a man suffering from a headache dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a bottle of Coca-Cola. According to usual practice, druggists should pour a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but at that time, the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. After drinking it, the suffering customer cheered up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy (冒泡泡的)one.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following about Pemberton is wrong?A．He was highly respected by Atlantans because of his great contribution.B．Medicines like Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup are his patent products. C．During the Civil War, he was an officer of a cavalry troop, a chemist and a doctor.D．Coca-Cola which is very popular now was invented by him.小题2:Why do contemporary Coca-Cola officials especially like to mention the year 1886?A．Because Conan Doyle contributed to Pemberton’s Coca-Cola invention.B．Because France sent the Statue of Liberty to America and Pemberton loved it.C．Because they are still proud of Pemberton’s invention.D．Because Pemberton made more money for the company this year than in any other year.小题3:What does the passage tell us about Frank M. Robinson?A．He helped his boss and began making patent medicines together with his boss in 1869. B．He had a special nose with an acute sense of smell and especially was good at drawing.C．When he found the end product tasted awful, he threw in some cola nut oil and other oils.D．He designed a label “Coca-Cola” for the Coca-Cola Company with his elegant handwriting.小题4:How did Pemberton change French Wine Coca formula to make it taste delicious?A．He mixed it with several oils instead of water.B．He put some beer into the mixture.C．He added more coffee into the mixture than before.D．He added some cola nut oil and a few other oils.小题5:According to the passage, what was Coca-Cola intended for at first?A．It was intended for the children as a soft drink.B．It was intended for a substitute for French Wine CocaC．It was intended for a cure for the common headacheD．It was intended for the need of the war 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:C
解析
小题1:他是一名药剂师，有时也被当作医生，但那是在内战以后，内战中他只是一名军官，不符合题意。避错指导: 本文第一句写到：在他葬礼的那天，所有亚特兰大人都纷纷歇业以示哀悼。由此可见，他在亚特兰大倍受尊敬，故A符合题意。 B）从“…soon began making such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup”得知故B符合题意 D）可乐是由他发明的。故D符合题意。
小题2:彭博顿在1886年发明可口可乐糖浆,永远是公司员工的骄傲。
避错指导: A 柯南道尔创造了福尔摩斯,并没有彭博顿发明可口可乐。B.法国人揭开了自由女神的真面貌,没提是否送往美国 D.我们知道可口可乐公司赚了很多钱，但本文并没有说1886年彭博顿为公司赚的钱比平时多。
小题3:倒数第二段罗宾逊用他那簿记员优雅的笔迹为它设计了一个标志--可口可乐，他设计的字体
至今仍在沿用。
避错指导：A. 1869年是彭博顿而不是罗宾逊开始研制名为Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup的专利药品。B. 第二段写到弗兰克·M·罗宾逊，这个人不仅很有数学头脑，而且这个脑袋上的鼻子是一个非常特别的鼻子，只要闻一闻就能够轻易地分辨一批糖浆的组成成分，并没有提到他擅长签名画画。C在文章中谈到制作的细节是彭博顿而不是罗宾逊做的。
小题4:由倒数第三段可知，在配制该产品时，味道不好，他又加入了一些可乐果精油，使其变得好喝起来。而且该产品被称为可口可乐，可见可乐果在其中有着相当重要的作用。
避错指导： A）文中没提到混合液没有用水而只是用各种精油混合而成的。B. 文章中并没有说加啤酒；C）该配方中的确有咖啡因，但是并没有说咖啡因的量比以前增加了。
小题5:倒数第二段最后一句写到：彭博顿不认为他的发明是一种饮料，他一直认为这是一种治疗
头痛用的药物。
避错指导：A 众所周知可口可乐现在是倍受孩子们喜爱的一种碳酸饮料，但彭博顿最初配制它的目的是配制一种药液；B）属偷换概念，本文确实提到可口可乐是在法国葡萄酒可乐的基础上改良而成的产品，但最初的目的并没有说是做其替代品；D）属无中生有，本文并没有提到战争的需要。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“The man who invented.....”主要考查你对 [人物传记类阅读 ]考点的理解。人物传记类阅读
人物传记类文章的文体特征：
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧：
1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。
其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。
2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型：
(1)对号入座题：
这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。
(2)词义转换题：
这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
(3)是非题：
该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT
(4)排序题：
这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
(5)指代理解题：
一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。
3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为：
(1)细节推断题：
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
(2)因果推断题：
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
(3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：
人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意：
(1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。
(2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
(3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。
