题文
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes---khaki pants and sports shirt---to the office. He hardly ever wears necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday.” “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing,” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productive. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
小题1:David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because_______.A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirtB．he couldn’t stand a clean appearanceC．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes小题2:David Smith wears casual clothes now, because________A．they make him feel at ease when working B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothesC．he looks handsome in casual clothes D．he no longer works for any company小题3:According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE?A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productiveC．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employeesD．All the employers in the U.S are for casual office wear.小题4:In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT_______.A．saving employees’ moneyB．making employees more attractiveC．improving employees’ motivationD．making employees happier 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
小题1:推理判断题.答案在第一段：I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled，即“我过去常常带一套干净整洁的西服去公司，如果我身上的西服弄皱了，我可以随时更换”，因此C选项“他希望让自己身穿的衣服看起来一如既往的整洁”正确.A选项“他经常身穿运动休闲服饰”和原问suit(西服)不符；B选项“他无法忍受干净整洁的外表”和原意相反；D选项“他不想在衣服上花费太多的钱”.
小题2:推理判断题.答案在第一段….I need to feel comfortable,即David Smith穿休闲服饰的原因是为了“舒适自在”，因此A选项正确.B选项“他支付不起昂贵的西服”和原文意思不符；C选项“他穿休闲服饰时看起来很帅气”未在文中提及；D选项“他已经不再为任何一家公司工作”和原文I’m working harder than ever.不符.
小题3:细节理解题.A选项“许多员工不喜欢保守的着装规定”和原文85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale.内容相符；B选项“舒适的着装能提高员工工作的效率”体现在原文中…people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes；C选项“休闲的着装规则很受年轻人的欢迎”和原文A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work相符；D选项“美国所有的雇主都支持休闲着装的原则”和原文85%不符，答案为D选项。
小题4:细节理解题.A“节省员工的开销”和原文casual dress code helps them save money.相符；B选项“让员工看起来更加有吸引力”未在文中提及；C选项“提升员工的动力”和原文…..improves employee…..morale.相符；D选项“让员工心情更舒畅”体现在原文people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes.
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Five years ago, Davi.....”主要考查你对 [人物传记类阅读 ]考点的理解。人物传记类阅读
人物传记类文章的文体特征：
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧：
1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。
其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。
2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型：
(1)对号入座题：
这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。
(2)词义转换题：
这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
(3)是非题：
该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT
(4)排序题：
这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
(5)指代理解题：
一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。
3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为：
(1)细节推断题：
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
(2)因果推断题：
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
(3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：
人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意：
(1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。
(2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
(3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。
