题文
(2013·高考山东卷,D)Sparrow is a fastfood chain with 200 restaurants.Some years ago,the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company.Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining,the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.With more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market,the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.And to make matters worse,its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years,until a new CEO,Carl Pearson,decided to build up its market share.He did a survey,which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain,while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them.Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand.The chain’s owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy’s restaurants.Pearson resisted,arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success,rather than customers’ spending power.Finally,the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fastfood industry.The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product,the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image.For example,he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额).
These efforts paid off,and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated.
小题1:Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?A.The number of its customers was declining.B.Its customers found the food unhealthy.C.It was in need of financial support.D.Most of its restaurants were closed.小题2:What does the underlined word“them”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Customers of Sparrow restaurants.B.Sparrow restaurants.C.Customers of other fastfood chains.D.Other fastfood chains.小题3:For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?A.To build a good relationship with the public.B.To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.C.To learn about customers’spending power.D.To meet the challenge from Marcy’s restaurants.小题4:The TV ads of Sparrow ________.A.changed people’s views on pop starsB.amused the public with original songs C.focused on the superiority of its products D.influenced the eating habits of the audience小题5:What was Pearson’s achievement as a CEO?A.He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.B.He made Sparrow much more competitive.C.He helped Sparrow take over a company.D.He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees. 题型:未知 难度:其他题型
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:B
解析
本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sparrow快餐店的CEO Carl Pearson在Sparrow经营不善的情况下,采用了一种新的广告宣传方式,与顾客之间建立了一种积极的关系,吸引了潜在的顾客,使它最终成为了最著名的快餐连锁店之一。本文皆在告诉读者新颖的经营理念决定着企业的命运。小题1:解析:选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的第三句Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining...可知Sparrow的业绩并没下降,因此选项A“它的顾客数目在下降”是错误的;“它的顾客发现食物不健康”以及“它的大部分餐馆被关闭”在文中并未提及;而根据第一段最后一句..its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.知Sparrow需要财政支持,故选项C为正确答案。
小题2:解析:选D。词义猜测题。画线单词them前面提到Sparrow已有的顾客对连锁店抱着积极的态度,而其他快餐店的顾客不愿意离开别的快餐店,由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”,故选D项。
小题3:解析:选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.可知Pearson发动广告宣传的目的是为了与公众建立一种良好的关系。句中的positive与选项A中的good对应,因此选A项。
小题4:解析:选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的The TV ads of Sparrow focused on enterainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.可知广告是靠新颖的原创歌曲来吸引人的,故选项B为答案。第四段中的第一句指的是改变了传统的广告模式,而不是改变了人们对流行明星的看法,因此选项A是错误的;根据第四段的最后一句Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product...可知选项C“注重产品的优势”是错误的;选项D“影响了观众的饮食习惯”在文中未提及。
小题5:解析:选B。推理判断题。根据最后两段中的内容,Pearson又作出了其他决定,树立了Sparrow的新形象,他的努力获得了成功,Sparrow成了最成功的快餐连锁店之一,可知Pearson的成就是使Sparrow更有竞争力了,故答案为B。选项A“他设法还清了Sparrow的债务”,选项C“他帮助Sparrow接管了一家公司”以及选项D“他提高了Sparrow员工的福利”在文中均未提及。
考点
据考高分专家说,试题“(2013·高考山东卷,D)Sparro.....”主要考查你对 [人物传记类阅读 ]考点的理解。人物传记类阅读
人物传记类文章的文体特征:
人物传记是记叙文体的一种,主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线,空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终,脉络清楚,可读性较强。
人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧:
1、把握文体特征,注意写作手法如前文所述,人物传记是记叙文体的一种,因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。
其次,还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列,一般采用倒叙的写作手法,有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法,能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。
2、抓住题干关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型,一般常见以下几种类型:
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这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到,只要读懂文章,掌握文章中的事实,如时间、地点、事件等细节问题,就能选对正确答案。
(2)词义转换题:
这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换,而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
(3)是非题:
该题型俗称“三缺一”题型,即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容,剩下一个不符合。题干多为:Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容,剩下一个符合,题干多为:Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT
(4)排序题:
这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
(5)指代理解题:
一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型,所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”,使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何,在做事实细节题时,可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时,首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节,找出关键词,然后以此为线索,运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别,在正确理解细节的前提下,确定最佳答案。这样一来,既提高了阅读的速度,又能确保答案的准确率。同时,建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来,标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子,这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。
3、抽丝剥茧,推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明,但已特别暗示的内容,考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为:
(1)细节推断题:
要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
(2)因果推断题:
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。
(3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题:
人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时,要注意:
(1)吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。
(2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深。从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。
(3)基于文章内容,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。
(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩,是讽刺性的,批评性的,赞成性的,还是反对性的,以便推测作者的观点和态度。



