题文
In my living room,there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to“Bloom (开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s,when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville,Kentucky.The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who“bloomed”in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County,Kentucky,Appalachian Mountain area.To get to her school from the town of Harlan,I followed a road winding around the mountain.In the eightmile journey,I crossed the same railroad track five times,giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains,I found it depressing.The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.
From the moment of my arrival at the little school,all gloom (忧郁) disappeared.Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom.I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects.Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for“dinner”(lunch).In case you don’t know,poke greens are a weedtype plant that grows wild,especially on poor ground.
Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her enthusiasm never cooled down.When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification,Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.Afterward,she invited me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory,as if she had received her Ph.D.degree.After the meal,she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝),but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.
小题1:“Early Childhood Development”in Paragraph 1 refers to________.A.a program directed by DorothyB.a course given by the authorC.an activity held by the studentsD.an organization sponsored by Union college小题2:In the journey,the author was most disappointed at seeing________.A.the long trackB.the poor housesC.the same trainD.the winding road小题3:Upon arriving at the classroom,the author was cheered up by________.A.a warm welcomeB.the sight of poke greensC.Dorothy’s latest projectsD.a big dinner made for her小题4:What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?
A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C.She passed the required assessment.
D.She received her Ph.D.degree.
小题5:What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A.Whatever you do,you must do it carefully.B.Whoever you are,you deserve equal treatment.C.However poor you are,you have the right to education.D.Wherever you are,you can accomplish your achievement. 题型:未知 难度:其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:D
解析
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个项目的评估专家去拜访一位贫困山区的教师的故事。开始一路上的穷困景象让作者很沮丧,但后来这位教师以及她的学生们的热情和乐观使作者深受感动且印象深刻。小题1:解析:选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“...when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville,Kentucky.”可知,Early Childhood Development是由作者任教的一门课程,故B项正确。Early Childhood Development不是Dorothy指导的项目,她只是参与作者从事的项目的一位教师,A项错误;Early Childhood Development也不是学生举办的一次活动,C项错误;Early Childhood Development是一门课程,而不是由Union College发起的一个组织,D项错误。
小题2:解析:选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句:“...the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.”可知,看到破旧的小屋时作者感到最失望,而不是看见“长长的轨道”“同一列火车”或“蜿蜒的道路”时,所以正确答案是B。
小题3:解析:选A。推理判断题。推理判断就是根据已知的材料内容、已有的经验和知识结构,进行合乎上下文情景的推断。因此,不能只看语言文字堆积成的表象材料,而应读懂语言背后的意思。根据第三段第二句“Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom,I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.”可知作者一到Dorothy的教室,就受到了“女王”般的待遇,即受到了热烈欢迎,所以正确答案是A。
小题4:解析:选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句“She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.”可知她通过了所需的评估,所以正确答案是C。A、B两项的描述与原文相反,应该是她请作者去吃饭庆祝,并送给作者一支钢笔;原文中说她像得到博士学位一样高兴,而不是真的得到了博士学位,故D项错误。
小题5:解析:选D。主旨归纳题。作者在文章开头提到了那块有着不寻常意义的匾上的字,“Bloom where you are planted.”,即“在你被播种的地方开花”,并通过一个真实的故事告诉我们,不管我们在哪里,都可以实现自己的梦想,取得成就,所以正确答案是D。
考点
据考高分专家说,试题“In my living room,th.....”主要考查你对 [人物传记类阅读 ]考点的理解。人物传记类阅读
人物传记类文章的文体特征:
人物传记是记叙文体的一种,主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线,空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终,脉络清楚,可读性较强。
人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧:
1、把握文体特征,注意写作手法如前文所述,人物传记是记叙文体的一种,因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。
其次,还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列,一般采用倒叙的写作手法,有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法,能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。
2、抓住题干关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型,一般常见以下几种类型:
(1)对号入座题:
这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到,只要读懂文章,掌握文章中的事实,如时间、地点、事件等细节问题,就能选对正确答案。
(2)词义转换题:
这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换,而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
(3)是非题:
该题型俗称“三缺一”题型,即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容,剩下一个不符合。题干多为:Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容,剩下一个符合,题干多为:Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT
(4)排序题:
这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
(5)指代理解题:
一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型,所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”,使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何,在做事实细节题时,可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时,首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节,找出关键词,然后以此为线索,运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别,在正确理解细节的前提下,确定最佳答案。这样一来,既提高了阅读的速度,又能确保答案的准确率。同时,建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来,标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子,这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。
3、抽丝剥茧,推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明,但已特别暗示的内容,考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为:
(1)细节推断题:
要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
(2)因果推断题:
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。
(3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题:
人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时,要注意:
(1)吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。
(2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深。从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。
(3)基于文章内容,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。
(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩,是讽刺性的,批评性的,赞成性的,还是反对性的,以便推测作者的观点和态度。



