题文
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
解析
文章大意：文章说明了我们在生活中都受到同辈压力的影响。然而同辈压力的影响有积极的，也有消极的。
小题1:feeling。词义归纳。根据文章第一段对“同辈压力”这一概念的解释可以归纳出the strong feeling强力的感觉。此题概括有难度。
小题2:influences。原词再现。根据第一段中的It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.，注意用第三人称单数。
小题3:practical。原词再现。根据第二段中的There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.可以归纳出答案。
小题4:unconsciously。词义归纳。根据第二段中讲述人生来是具有社会性动物，周围的人将无意识的影响一个人的生活。
小题5:individuals。原词再现。根据文中第三段中For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction可以归纳出答案。
小题6:moral。词义归纳。根据第三段Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses可以得出消极影响包括缺乏道德感、刑事犯罪和过度消费。此题归纳较难。
小题7:spirit。词义归纳。根据第四段中的Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.可以归纳出“团队精神”。
小题8:habits。原词再现。根据第四段中的This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.可以得出答案，注意用复数形式。
小题9:independent。词义归纳。根据最后一段中的They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.可以归纳出“孩子应当学会独立”。
小题10:no。词义归纳。根据最后一段They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.中短语的“decline to”转换为短语“say no to”。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表.....”主要考查你对 [序数词 ]考点的理解。序数词
序数词的概念：
表示顺序的数称为序数词。如：first, second, third, fourth。
序数词的构成与用法：
1、序数词的构成：
①一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。
例：four＋th→fourth
six＋th→sixth
seven＋th→seventh
ten＋th→tenth
②下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。
例：one→first
two→second
three→third
five→fifth
eight→eighth
nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth
③十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后再加eth。
例：twenty→twentieth
thirty→thirtieth
forty→fortieth
ninety→ninetieth
④两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。
例：twenty－one→twenty－first
thirty－five→thirty－fifth
a hundred and fifty－three→a hundred and fifty－third
2、序数词的用法：
①序数词在使用时，一般加上定冠词。
例：the first book
the second floor
the third day
the fourth week．
②序数词在多数情况下都用作定语，有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。
例：The may1st is Labour Day. 五月一日是劳动节。
My room is on the second floor. 我的房间在二楼。
The first is larger than the secon.（主语）第一个比第二个大。
Read the book from the first.（宾语）从开头读这本书。
You'll be the sixth to write.（表语）你将是第六个写的。
③序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词，用来表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。
例：You may have a third try. 你可以第三次尝试。
序数词知识体系：
约数的表达方法：
用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of 表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。
如：The boy bought dozens of pencils.
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.
注意： (A)：dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数量时，不用复数。
如：five dozen (of) eggs 五打鸡蛋
hree hundred people 三百个人
分数词的构成和用法：
1）分数词构成法：
分数词（FractionalNumerals）由基数词和序数词构成，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。除了分子为1的情况下，序数词都要用复数形式：
如：1/4：one-fourth
5/9：five-ninths
2/3：two-thirds
17/5：three and two-fifths
7/12：seven-twelfths
379/8：forty-seven and three-eighths
此外还有下面表示法：
如：1/2：a(one) half
1/4：a(one) quarter
3/4：three-quarters
9/4：two and a quarter
3/2：one and half
31/4：seven and three quarters
