| 时态 | 肯定/否定/疑问句式 | 使用说明 | 标志词 |
|---|
| 一般现在时 | A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak? | action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule
| always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If I talk, …) |
| 现在进行时 | A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking? | action taking place in the moment of speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future
| at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now |
| 现在进行时 | A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak? | action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action
| yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If Italked, …) |
| 过去进行时 | A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking? | action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action
| when, while, as long as |
| 现在完成时 | A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken? | putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
| already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now |
| 现在完成进行时 | A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking? | putting emphasis on the course or duration(not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present
| all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week |
| 过去的完成时 | A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken? | action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)
| already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day
if sentence type III (If I had talked, …) |
| 过去完成进行时 | A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking? | action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or courseof an action
| for, since, the whole day, |
